Holocaust Remembrance Day

May 1, 2011

Since the Holocaust, to survivors, the Holocaust remains real and ever-present; but, for some others, sixty years makes the Holocaust seem part of Ancient History.

Year-round we try to teach and inform others about the horrors of the Holocaust.

We confront the questions of what happened?

How did it happen?

How could it happen?

Could it happen again?

We attempt to fight against ignorance with education and against disbelief with proof.

But there is one day in the year when we make a special effort to remember (Zachor).

Upon this one day, we remember those that suffered, those that fought, and those that died. Six million Jews were murdered. Many families were completely decimated.

Why this day?

Jewish history is long and filled with many stories of slavery and freedom, sorrow and joy, persecution and redemption. For Jews, their history, their family, and their relationship with God have shaped their religion and their identity. The Hebrew calendar is filled with varied holidays that incorporate and reiterate the history and tradition of the Jewish people.

Auschwitz Concentration Camp

After the horrors of the Holocaust, Jews wanted a day to memorialize this tragedy. But what day?

The Holocaust spanned years with suffering and death spread throughout these years of terror. No one day stood out as representative of this destruction.

So various days were suggested.

• The tenth of Tevet was proffered. This day is Asarah B’Tevet and marks the beginning of the siege of Jerusalem. But this day holds no direct relation or tie to the Holocaust.
• The Zionists in Israel, many of whom had fought in the ghettos or as partisans, wanted to commemorate the beginning of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising – April 19, 1943. But this date on the Hebrew calendar is the 14th of Nissan – the day before Passover, a very important and happy holiday. Orthodox Jews objected to this date.

Tenth of Tevet (Hebrew: עשרה בטבת‎, Asarah BeTevet), the tenth day of the Hebrew month of Tevet, is a minor- but very important fast day in Judaism. It is a “low fast” observed from sunrise to sunset. The day has no relationship to Hanukkah, but it happens to follow that festival by a week. Whether the 10th of Tevet falls 7 or 8 days after Hanukkah depends on whether the preceding month of Kislev has 29 or 30 days in the relevant year.

In modern times, 10 Tevet is one of the days of remembrance for victims of the Holocaust (the main national remembrance day being Yom HaShoah). Historically, the fast commemorates the siege of Jerusalem by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylonia – an event that began on that date and ultimately culminated in the destruction of Solomon’s Temple (the First Temple) and the conquest of the Judah (nowadays: southern Israel).

Warsaw Ghetto Uprising – April 19, 1943

MEMORIAL TODAY

For two years, the date was debated. Finally, in 1950, compromises and bargaining began. The 27th of Nissan was chosen, which falls beyond Passover but within the time span of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Orthodox Jews still did not like this date because it was a day of mourning, within the traditionally happy month of Nissan.

As a final effort to compromise, it was decided that if the 27th of Nissan would affect Shabbat (fall on Friday or Saturday), then it would be moved.

If the 27th of Nissan falls on a Friday, Holocaust Remembrance Day is moved to the preceding Thursday.

If the 27th of Nissan falls on a Sunday, then Holocaust Remembrance Day is moved to the following Monday.

On April 12, 1951, the Knesset (Israel’s parliament) proclaimed Yom Hashoah U’Mered HaGetaot (Holocaust and Ghetto Revolt Remembrance Day) to be the 27th of Nissan.

The name later became known as Yom Hashoah Ve Hagevurah (Devastation and Heroism Day) and even later simplified to Yom Hashoah.

How is it observed?

Since Yom Hashoah is a relatively new holiday, there are no set rules or rituals.

What kind of ritual could represent the Holocaust?

There are various beliefs about what is and is not appropriate on this day – and many of them are conflicting. In general, Yom Hashoah has been observed with candlelighting, speakers, poems, prayers, and singing.

Often, six candles are lighted to represent the six million.

Special Prayer

Holocaust survivors speak about their experiences or share in the readings. Some ceremonies have people read from the Book of Names for certain lengths of time in an effort to remember those that died and to give an understanding of the huge number of victims. Sometimes these ceremonies are held in a cemetery or near a Holocaust memorial.

In Israel, the Knesset made Yom Hashoah a national public holiday in 1959 and in 1961 a law was passed that closed all public entertainment on Yom Hashoah. At ten in the morning, a siren is sounded where everyone stops what they are doing, pull over in their cars, and stand in remembrance.

In whatever form you observe Yom Hashoah, the memory of the Jewish victims will live on.

Yom Hashoah Dates

Year	27th of Nissan	Date for Yom Hashoah
2007	Sunday, April 15	Monday, April 16
2008	Friday, May 2	Thursday, May 1
2009	Tuesday, April 21	Tuesday, April 21
2010	Sunday, April 11	Monday, April 12
2011	Sunday, May 1	Monday, May 2
2012	Thursday, April 19	Thursday, April 19
2013	Sunday, April 7	Monday, April 8
2014	Sunday, April 27	Monday, April 28
2015	Thursday, April 16	Thursday, April 16
2016

The United States Congress established the Days of Remembrance as our nation’s annual commemoration of the Holocaust and created the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum as a permanent living memorial to the victims.

This year Holocaust Remembrance Day is Sunday, April 11.

The Museum designated Stories of Freedom: What You Do Matters as the theme for the 2010 observance. In accordance with its Congressional mandate, the Museum is responsible for leading the nation in commemorating the Days of Remembrance, and for encouraging and sponsoring appropriate observances throughout the United States.

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